A dynamical magnetosphere model for periodic Halpha emission from the slowly rotating magnetic O star HD191612

The magnetic O-star HD191612 exhibits strongly variable, cyclic Balmer line emission on a 538-day period. We show here that its variable Halpha emission can be well reproduced by the rotational phase variation of synthetic spectra computed directly from full radiation magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of a magnetically confined wind. In slow rotators such as HD191612, wind material on closed magnetic field loops falls back to the star, but the transient suspension of material within the loops leads to a statistically overdense, low velocity region around the magnetic equator, causing the spectral variations. We contrast such "dynamical magnetospheres" (DMs) with the more steady-state "centrifugal magnetospheres" of stars with rapid rotation, and discuss the prospects of using this DM paradigm to explain periodic line emission from also other non-rapidly rotating magnetic massive stars.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS letter

Bristol urban integrated diagnostics project. Challenge theme report: Carbon neutral city

This report presents the key findings of the Carbon Neutral City theme of the Bristol Urban Integrated Diagnostics (Urban ID) pilot project, one of its four themes and five case studies. Urban ID was one of a small number of projects funded by the seven UK Research Councils and Innovate UK’s Urban Living Consortium to explore sustainability in city contexts. Urban ID brought together researchers from the two universities in Bristol, representatives of Bristol City Council, South Gloucestershire Council, the Bristol Green Capital Partnership, Bristol Health Partners, community groups and companies to explore and co-create means of diagnosing urban sustainability problems and potential solutions.The carbon neutral city theme explored four key questions:•What does ‘carbon neutrality’ means for the Bristol Urban Area (and what is the Bristol Urban Area) and over what timescale should such a vision be achieved?•What are the barriers to decarbonisation across the three scopes of carbon emissions (energy use; energy supply; consumption of goods and services)?•Can Urban ID co-design top-level aims and aspirations for the Bristol Urban Area in relation to carbon neutrality up to 2050?•Can carbon neutrality for the Bristol Urban Area include ‘all embodied carbon’ as well as emissions from energy use and supply?The project team concluded that in order to develop a pathway to carbon neutrality for the Bristol urban area there are several key questions to be addressed:1) What is the carbon budget for the urban area associated with energy production and use in the city region across different sectors – energy supply, domestic, transport, industrial and commercial?2) What are the current emissions from scopes 1, 2 and 3 (energy use; energy supply; and consumption of goods and services)?3) What are the ‘business as usual’ projections for emissions to 2030 and 2050 and how do these differ from a carbon neutral pathway?4) What mitigation actions are needed in different sectors to ‘zero’ the per-capita emissions value and how can carbon budgets assist with this?5) What is the embedded carbon in goods and services consumed and items purchased in the urban area and is this included in the carbon neutral definition? 6) What level of carbon sequestration is it appropriate to consider to offset any remaining emissions after mitigation actions across sectors?7) What are the geographical and economic boundaries of the Bristol Urban Area in relation to the carbon neutrality definition?8) What is the baseline year and what is the end point/target year for the Bristol Urban Area?The project reveals significant challenges in attempts to design and implement a pathway to a carbon neutral city, but also offers a range of insights and suggestions as to how the above questions might be addressed

Kenya\u27s fertility transition: Trends, determinants and implications for policy and programmes

In Africa, fertility rates in the 1990s declined less rapidly than had been projected, and in a few cases the fertility transition appears to have stalled. This development has serious implications for future population growth because projected population size is sensitive to minor variations in current fertility trends. The 16 countries with three DHS surveys in sub-Saharan Africa can be divided into three subgroups: stalled transitions, insignificant declines, and significant declines. Half of the 16 countries experienced a stall, and an additional two experienced insignificant declines. The Population Council prepared a series of demographic and policy analyses that drew from the existing literature on fertility and family planning in Kenya. These analyses were presented at a meeting of key stakeholders in Kenya in 2008. This report presents the issues emerging from the analyses and discussions, and suggests some policy and programmatic actions that can be taken to help the Government of Kenya address the stall within the frameworks of the Millennium Development Goals and the country’s “Vision 2030” plan for sustainable development

Facilitating stakeholder dialogues on a carbon neutral city: We need to talk about carbon (and air quality)

© 2018 WIT Press. The issues surrounding successful public engagement with climate change mitigation policy and decision-making have been extensively researched and identified as barriers to long-term civic and civil engagement. The challenge of transforming our urban spaces to mitigate and adapt to climate change was a key theme of the Bristol Urban ID project, which explored the “business as usual” approaches in policy, practice and engagement that limit truly transformational actions. As part of the project, a Carbon Neutral Bristol 2050 roundtable was held with civic leaders and stakeholders. Discussions focussed on defining carbon neutrality targets, “scopes” and boundaries for Bristol, exploring the opportunity for Bristol to be a carbon neutral city leader, how to build political, business and citizen space for engagement with carbon neutrality, and the role of Bristol Green Capital Partnership (BGCP), a cross-sector network of over 800 organisation working for a sustainable city, as an enabler and facilitator of change. The findings demonstrate a need for organisations working on interconnected environmental, social and wellbeing, and economic issues in cities, such as carbon neutrality and air pollution, to communicate and collaborate. Partnership working is essential to improving city-wide engagement in carbon and air quality management decision making, and to developing integrated city sustainability management strategies that recognise co-benefits and trade-offs. A set of guidelines highlight the need to create political space for people and organisations to talk about carbon and air pollution to develop city plans

Marktzutrittsbarrieren in den USA und Kanada : der Markt für meerestechnische Güter und Dienstleistungen.

Offshore-Technik; Protektionismus; Seerecht; Markteintritt; USA; Kanada;

From sundering seas to arenas for cooperation: applying the regime of enclosed and semi-enclosed seas to the Adriatic

Pravo mora biti međunarodna pravna osnova za obalne države na Jadranu na temelju kojeg mogu zahtijevati područja jurisdikcije na moru uz svoje obale te međusobno podijeliti Jadransko more. Isti međunarodni zakon o moru obvezuje jadranske obalne države da urađuju na različite načine, posebice pri uspostavljanju posebnih režima koji se primjenjuju u zatvorenim i poluzatvorenim morima poput Jadranskog. Ovaj rad analizira zahtjeve za jurisdikcijom na oru koje dopušta međunarodno pravo i posebice stvarne pretenzije u Jadranu. Primjena režima zatvorenog i poluzatvorenog mora u kontekstu Jadrana također se razmatra u radu.The law of the sea provides the international legal basis for the coastal states of the Adriatic Sea to claim zones of maritime jurisdiction off their shores and divide the Adriatic Sea between them. The same international law of the sea obligates the Adriatic littoral states to cooperate in a variety of ways, notably by establishing a special regime applicable to enclosed and semi-enclosed seas such as the Adriatic. This paper explores the maritime jurisdictional claims allowed under international law and claimed in the Adriatic in particular. The implementation of the regime of enclosed and semi-enclosed seas in the Adriatic context is then explored

Temocillin: a new candidate antibiotic for local antimicrobial delivery in orthopaedic surgery?

Objectives - To assess the performance of the Gram-negative-specific antibiotic temocillin in polymethylmethacrylate bone cement pre-loaded with gentamicin, as a strategy for local antibiotic delivery. Methods - Temocillin was added at varying concentrations to commercial gentamicin-loaded bone cement. The elution of the antibiotic from cement samples over a 2 week period was quantified by LC-MS. The eluted temocillin was purified by fast protein liquid chromatography and the MICs for a number of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli were determined. The impact strength of antibiotic-loaded samples was determined using a Charpy-type impact testing apparatus. Results - LC-MS data showed temocillin eluted to clinically significant concentrations within 1 h in this laboratory system and the eluted temocillin retained antimicrobial activity against all organisms tested. Impact strength analysis showed no significant difference between cement samples with or without temocillin. Conclusions - Temocillin can be added to bone cement and retains its antimicrobial activity after elution. The addition of up to 10% temocillin did not affect the impact strength of the cement. The results show that temocillin is a promising candidate for use in antibiotic-loaded bone cement.</p

ECP Handbook: Introducing and Mainstreaming the Provision of Emergency Contraceptive Pills in Developing Countries

For many women, emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) offer an opportunity to prevent unintended pregnancy following contraceptive method failure, rape, or unprotected sex. Access to this safe, effective option remains an essential element of women’s quality reproductive health care. However, ECPs remain inaccessible across much of the world, particularly in developing countries where limited commodity supplies, provider competency, public awareness, and misinformation routinely coalesce to restrict availability. While ECPs have been introduced on a pilot basis in many countries, their effective integration into both the public and private sectors has lagged. Successful interventions are guided by the principle that provision of ECPs is not exclusively the responsibility of government family planning programs, and so seek to mainstream delivery of ECPs by developing links with private sector providers and pharmacies, the HIV/AIDS sector, and sexual assault services. Successfully introducing ECPs into a country’s health-care system is a complex undertaking. This handbook provides comprehensive guidance to reproductive health program managers and policymakers on introducing and mainstreaming ECPs, including needs assessments and operations research, drug registration, training and logistics, and introduction of ECP scale-up